Executive Summary Conti ransomware, first identified in 2019, quickly became one of the most notorious ransomware operations due to its advanced encryption, rapid lateral movement, and use of double extortion tactics. Operated as a Ransomware-as-a-Service (RaaS) by the Russia-based Wizard Spider group, Conti is believed to have evolved from Ryuk ransomware and maintained suspected ties […]

MuddyWater, a long-running Iranian cyber-espionage group affiliated with Iran’s Ministry of Intelligence and Security (MOIS), has established itself as one of the most persistent state-backed threats on the global stage. Active since at least 2017, the group has built a reputation for blending off-the-shelf tools with custom malware to achieve its goals. Over the past […]

Introduction digital analytics tools—such as link shorteners, location trackers, CAPTCHAs, and advertising networks—are essential to the modern digital ecosystem. They help system administrators improve efficiency, marketers deliver targeted content, and brands enhance visibility, all while making online information more accessible, relevant, and actionable. However, just as these tools can be used for good, they can also be […]